Friedensforscher Josef Mühlbauer

From a peace research perspective, our panel deconstructed the connections between geopolitics, the current global rise of right-wing extremism, and the legacy of the failed US-led intervention in Afghanistan. You can watch the whole event and the panel discussion on the YouTube Channel of ARS Electronica.

Panel Discussion Worlds in Disorder. With Josef Mühlbauer (Moderator), Stephanie Fenkart, Natascha Strobl & Emran Feroz at the ARS Electronica Festival 2025 in the Postcity Conference Hall in Linz.

We analyzed how the failure of the US-led invasion and intervention in Afghanistan (since 2001) exemplifies the fundamental flaws of liberal interventionism and the limits of imposed peace through military means (the so called „liberal Peacebuilding). This failure has not only created a humanitarian crisis but has also severely damaged the credibility of Western powers (and values), creating a power vacuum and accelerating a shift towards a more multipolar—and yet unstable—world order. Fenkart made the argument that the EU must step up, and realize its strategic autonomy.

The discussion critically examined how this geopolitical disillusionment and the narratives of „endless, futile wars“ are exploited by right-wing populist and extremist movements. These groups weaponize the legacy of intervention to fuel isolationism, xenophobia, and a rejection of multilateral institutions, thereby undermining the very frameworks designed to maintain international peace and security. Strobl pointed out that we wittness a global rise of fascism.

Ultimately, the panel argued that these are not isolated crises but symptoms of a deeper breakdown. We concluded that a sustainable path forward requires a critical peacebuilding approach: moving beyond militarized responses, addressing the root causes of conflict and radicalization (such as inequality and political disenfranchisement), and rebuilding trust through accountable diplomacy and support for inclusive civil societies.